文化生态学视角下的南海诸岛地名文化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵静  张争胜  陈冠琦  南文龙 《热带地理》2016,36(6):1045-1056

地名具有丰富的文化内涵,正日益受到学术界的高度关注。南海诸岛及其附近海域是中国政治敏感地带,多国为主权归属问题摩擦不断,研究其地名文化历史演变问题可为维护中国领土主权提供有力证据。基于南海诸岛地名命名、变更和演变等资料,采用文本分析方法,分析《更路簿》和不同时期公布的南海诸岛命名资料,并利用 GIS 将地名的演变情况进行地理可视化表达,同时对南海诸岛及其附近海域的开发者--渔民和老船长等进行深入访谈。研究发现：南海诸岛的土地名主要依据岛礁的自然地理环境特征而命名,地名的更替、消亡与社会文化环境紧密相关;1935 年公布的地名以音译英文地名为主,1947 年更名以去外国化、美化、纪念地名为主,1983 年对 1947 年所公布的标准地名更改很少,在这 118 个地名中,增加了前几次未公布地名 39 个,这些地名几乎都沿用渔民命名的土地名。  相似文献   

旅游业发展状况对古村落文化保护的影响 ——基于对宏村、呈坎、许村居民的调研     

孔翔  卓方勇  苗长松 《热带地理》2016,36(2):216-224

在旅游业发展的背景下,居民作为文化传承者对传统地域文化的认同是文化保护的重要基础,而对居民经济利益和文化自信的扰动则是旅游业影响居民文化认同的主要路径。为了验证旅游业发展状况、居民文化认同与古村落文化保护之间的内在联系,对旅游业发展状况不同的宏村、呈坎和许村3个古村落进行田野调查。结果表明：旅游业发展如果能显著增加居民的收入,并为居民创造在开放的交流环境中建立文化自信的机会,则能增进居民对古村落文化的认同和保护意识;但如果旅游业发展中的经济利益分配很不合理,甚至明显存在适应“他者”需求的造假行为,则可能降低居民对古村落文化的认同和保护意识。因此,旅游业发展状况对古村落文化保护的影响存在显著差异,不合理的旅游业发展模式将对古村落文化的原真性保护造成巨大困难。  相似文献   

REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN DENOMINATIONAL SWITCHING AMONG WHITE PROTESTANTS*     

Roger W. Stump 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(4):438-449

This study examines the hypothesis that the determinants of denominational switching vary regionally among white American Protestants. Data for the analysis are taken from the National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey for 1974 through 1984. Using logistic regression, the analysis compares the determinants of switching among respondents residing in the nine Census regions of the U.S. Results reveal significant regional differences in the determinants of switching, especially in the effects of conversion, childhood affiliation and interdenominational marriage.  相似文献   

褐菖鲉网箱养殖试验初报   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈舜  肖云朴  伍德瀛  李定海 《海洋科学》2008,32(8):5-8

2001年4月30日在浙江南麂海域3 m×3 m×3 m网箱中放养0.9 g自然海区捕获的褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)苗种,进行为期2年多的养殖试验.结果表明,该鱼生长缓慢,养殖38 d体质量为8.3 g,养殖240 d为24.8 g,养殖787 d为112.3 g.总养殖成活率为20.1%,平均日增体质量0.142 g,平均日增体质量率0.62%.秋末至夏初低水温期是褐菖鲉的主要生长期,在9～13℃较低水温下亦会摄食与生长.饵料系数为3.6.冬春季养殖成活率高于秋夏季,第一年夏季养殖成活率低,仅28.1%.养殖方式以混养为宜.  相似文献   

A sulfotransferase specific to N-21 of gonyautoxin 2/3 from crude enzyme extraction of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense CI01     

王大志  张树刚  洪华生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(2):227-234

Sulfotransferase (ST) is the first enzyme discovered in association with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin biosynthesis in toxic dinoflagellates. This study investigates the ST activity in crude enzyme extraction of a toxic dinoflagellate species, Alexandrium tamarense CI01. The results show that crude enzyme can transfer a sulfate group from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to N-21 in the carbamoyl group of gonyautoxin 2/3 (GTX2/3) to produce C1/C2, but is inactive toward STX to produce GTX5. The crude enzyme is optimally active at pH 6.0 and 15°C. The activity is enhanced by Co2 , Mg2 , Mn2 and Ca2 individually, but is inhibited by Cu2 . Moreover, the activity shows no difference when various sulfur compounds are used as sulfate donors. These results demonstrate that the ST specific to GTX2/3 is present in the cells of A. tamarense CI01 and is involved in PSP toxin biosynthesis. In addition, the ST from different dinoflagellates is species-specific, which explains well the various biosynthesis pathways of the PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates.  相似文献   

Evaluation on tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites —Case of Kanas nature reserve of Xinjiang, China     

Xuling Liu  Zhaoping Yang  Feng Di  Xuegang Chen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2009,19(3):265-273

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices’ weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671057), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-355)  相似文献   

几种大型珍珠贝人工苗网箱式中间培育的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁飞龙  邓陈茂  符韶  黄海立  周银环  刘永 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

采用网箱式和传统式2种方法,在3个不同类型的海区(内湾性的陵水县黎安港、半开放性的雷州市流沙港、开放性的三亚市六道湾),进行几种大型珍珠贝人工苗的中间培育.经90d的中间培育后,结果表明:网箱式培育与传统式培育相比较,几种珍珠贝的生长速率和成活率都有较大幅度的提高.其壳高生长速率的增幅分别为:珠母贝18.9%、18.2%、19.9%;大珠母贝22.8%、20.6%、23.5%;企鹅珍珠贝21.8%、20.7%、21.7%;均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜0.01).成活率的增幅分别为:珠母贝175.0%、147.9%、133.9%;大珠母贝172.8%、159.0%、127.4%;企鹅珍珠贝122.5%、118.2%、102.2%,均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜ 0.01).  相似文献   

西津水库网箱养殖区浮游植物特征及水质营养状态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴铁军  王大鹏  何安尤  张益峰  雷建军  陈晓汉 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(4):89-94

于2006年10月至2008年7月对西津水库米埠坑网箱养殖区浮游植物进行两个年度共8次调查。第1年发现浮游植物6门53属,冬季出现种属最多,达到43属,春、夏季最少,为35属,浮游植物年平均数量为35.18×104 L-1,平均生物量为1.07 mg·L-1。第2年度采集到浮游植物6门47属,以春季出现种属最多,达到40属,夏季最少,为29属,第2年浮游植物年平均数量低于第1年,为19.77×104 L-1,生物量高于第1年,达到1.22 mg·L-1。综合营养指数评价结果显示,米埠坑网箱养殖区处于中营养水平,有向富营养化过渡的趋势。  相似文献   

北方农牧交错带少数民族语地名文化脆弱性评价体系构建与实证          下载免费PDF全文

陈晨  汪丽  程林 《干旱区地理》2022,45(3):976-985

北方农牧交错带濒危少数民族语地名规模不断增加,少数民族语地名文化脆弱性日益突出,可持续发展尤为堪忧。地名是由多要素构成的开放性文化系统。因此,如何从系统脆弱性角度将以往对濒危少数民族语地名的定性研究扩展至脆弱程度的定量研究具有一定的理论与现实意义。引入脆弱性研究范式,基于大量实地考察和文献梳理,从敏感性、暴露度及恢复力的视角识别北方农牧交错带少数民族语地名文化脆弱性影响因素,构建脆弱性评价体系,讨论评价尺度和评价方法,并针对典型案例地展开实证研究。结果表明：案例地少数民族语地名文化敏感性和暴露度突出,恢复力较弱,脆弱性较明显。其脆弱性受地名文化系统内损性和外部扰动性因素的共同影响。其中,地方居民对少数民族语地名语源语义的错误认知,较高的汉语普及率和汉译少数民族语地名社会认同度,以及少数民族语地名意译的非准确化是脆弱性形成的重要驱动因子。其次,汉译用字和译音的简化和非标准化,较高的地名合并、更改及弃用比,较少的地名文献储备量,以及少数民族语使用群体规模的大幅下降也是较为重要的单指标因素。  相似文献   

A Preliminary Study of Holocene Climate Change and Human Adaptation in the Horqin Region     

MU Yan  QIN Xiaoguang  ZHANG Lei  XU Bing 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(6):1784-1791

Abstract: Human activity during the Holocene in the Horqin region, northeastern China, has been widely documented. As an important proxy record of human activity, black carbon (BC) in sediments has been linked to climate change and human adaptation. A loess-paleosol section located in south Horqin was chosen for this study. Holocene climate change and human adaptation to the environment were discussed by analyzing BC, organic carbon (OC) and other proxies. The conclusions included: (1) before 3900 cal BP, human activity was closely related to the natural environment and cultural development was dominated by climate change. For example, the rapid decline of the agrarian Hongshan culture was caused by a slight decrease in temperature at ~5000 cal BP; (2) during 3900-3200 cal BP, the heavy dependence of human societies on nature gradually lessened and the ability of those human societies to adapt to the environment was enhanced. However, the farming-dominated Lower Xiajiadian culture was nonetheless replaced by the pastoralist Upper Xiajiadian culture due to an extremely cooling event at ~3200 cal BP; (3) during the late Holocene period, the marked influence of climate change on human activity might have lessened as a result of a clear improvement in human labor skills. After this, human living styles were influenced by cultural developments rather than climate change because humans had mastered more powerful means of productivity.  相似文献